It is time to phase out fossil fuels and shift to a renewable system that provides clean electricity to everyone.
Reducing industrial emissions will require greater resource efficiency and circularity, electrification and new solutions—including hydrogen and carbon capture.
We must reduce demand for travel, shift to zero-carbon transport and improve existing road, rail, sea and air travel to reduce emissions.
In an increasingly urban world, we must develop zero-waste sustainable cities that are efficient, resilient and equitable for all.
To reduce and eliminate building-related emissions, we need to construct new net-zero buildings, optimize energy efficiency, and decarbonize heating, cooling and appliances.
Removing carbon dioxide from the air and storing it permanently is a necessary complement to deep and rapid emissions reductions.
The land system and its shifts will be launched soon.
The ocean system and its shifts will be launched soon.
The freshwater system and its shifts will be launched soon.
To equitably and nutritiously feed a growing population while limiting warming and biodiversity loss, we must transform how we produce and consume food.
Public and private investment will determine whether we are subsidizing an unsustainable pathway or investing in a sustainable and just future.
Moving away from the historical “take-make-waste” linear economy and toward a circular economy centered around “reduce, reuse and recycle” is crucial to reducing overconsumption and relieving stress on natural resources.
Effective and just governance should ensure equity in the way decisions are made, resources are allocated and services are delivered across society.
The equity system and its shifts will be launched soon.
Transforming the global economic system will require integrating wellbeing, equity and sustainability metrics into economic plans, models and policies.