Accounting for roughly two-thirds of economic activity, the private sector is integral in the transition to net-zero emissions. As the private sector perceives less risk and greater business opportunity in investments that protect climate and nature, climate finance flows will expand and the transition to net-zero emissions will accelerate.

The private sector has begun chasing the opportunity to create a sustainable economy — companies are making capital investments in low-carbon technologies, and lenders and investors are providing cheaper financing that enables those investments.

Financial and non-financial corporations are also making commitments and setting targets to align their portfolios and balance sheets with sustainability objectives: these financial commitments need to cause real-world changes that support decarbonization and protect nature and biodiversity.

But the scale and pace of financial flows to climate- and nature-based solutions must increase substantially. By 2030, we need to increase global private climate financial flows from the current level of $685 billion per year to at least $2.61 trillion per year. In addition, we need to triple investments in nature-based solutions and increase biodiversity financial resources to at least $200 billion per year. Simultaneously, the private sector needs to phase out financing of fossil fuels and technologies that are dependent upon them.

To effectively scale up private sector investment for climate and nature, we need to shift capital investment in the material economy, decrease the cost of capital for sustainable technologies, and ensure commitments from corporates and financial institutions are resulting in these changes. We will also need to mobilize public investment to steer the market toward a net-zero, sustainable economy.

Tracking progress on global outcomes

Key enablers and barriers to change

Other shift Other shifts needed to transform the system

Scale up public investment for climate and nature

Achieving climate and biodiversity goals requires strong government leadership, pressure for change from civil society, and coordinated monetary and fiscal policy to support large public investments.

Scale down investment harmful to climate and nature

Public and private investments continue to support activities incompatible with a sustainable future — the development of new fossil fuel reserves, overfishing, land-degrading agricultural practices and more. These financial flows must stop and be redirected to support a sustainable, decarbonized economy.

Extend economic and financial inclusion to underserved and marginalized groups

A just transition will give underserved and marginalized groups new opportunities for high-quality employment, enable their participation in sustainable industries and ensure the extension of financial services to all people.

Ensure that the financial system accounts for climate- and nature-related risks

By integrating climate- and nature-related risks into decision-making, corporations and the financial system can accelerate the shift of capital toward investments that advance sustainable business transformation and support climate goals. Incorporating such risks also helps financial institutions and regulators monitor and manage risks at portfolio and systemic levels.